Improvement of methods for calculating the distribution of charge components in the volume of a blast furnace
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15802/tpm.2.2025.14Keywords:
blast furnace, charge, components, loading system, coneless loading device, charge distribution, mixtures, mathematical modelsAbstract
The analysis of known calculation methods and mathematical models of the distribution of charge materials on the top of a blast furnace, used in technological and research practice, was performed. It was noted that mathematical modeling, including those based on the discrete element method (DEM), and experimental studies (both in industrial conditions and using physical models) are used to determine the distribution of charge in a blast furnace. At present, there are no instrumental means of controlling the distribution of charge components. It is shown that the distribution of components on the surface of the backfill is the result of the interaction of a number of processes occurring at all stages of the formation of portions of charge materials, their delivery to the top and unloading into the furnace. There are three approaches to describe the process of the movement of charge materials in hoppers, on the basis of which mathematical models have been created for specific objects at the present time and results acceptable for practical use have been obtained. The first one - in the form of geometric dependencies determines the volume of the zone of active material movement, the shape of which is determined experimentally, and the volumes of bulk material arrays, which in a given sequence enter further into the zone of active material movement, and then move vertically to the outlet of the hopper. The second approach is an attempt to take into account the kinematic patterns of bulk material movement in the zone of active movement in combination with the provisions of the first approach to describe the behavior of bulk outside the active zone. The third approach is based on DEM, mathematical models based on which require input data, the receipt of which causes difficulties in determining, or data, the reliability of which does not have sufficient confirmation. A developed complex mathematical model of the formation of multicomponent portions of charge materials, their loading into the hopper of a cone-free loading device (CFLD), unloading from the hopper and distribution on the surface of the backfill is presented, which was created on the basis of the synthesis of a number of models developed and improved by the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Z.I. Nekrasov of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine of mathematical models that most fully describe the entire complex of processes of loading a multicomponent charge into a blast furnace. The model provides determination of the current component composition of the flow formed during unloading of multicomponent portions from the BLT hopper, and the full composition of mixtures of charge components in various annular zones of the top. The developed complex model is successfully used by the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy Z.I. Nekrasov to solve a number of technological problems regarding the selection of rational loading modes of operating blast furnaces operating on a multicomponent charge, including the selection of parameters of special loading modes that ensure the creation of the necessary conditions for lining or washing depending on the current requirements of the smelting process. Information on the distribution of charge components across the furnace cross-section, which can be obtained using the developed complex model, is also necessary for conducting analytical studies of physical - mechanical and physical - chemical processes in a blast furnace, in particular, the conditions of slag formation and the distribution of melt properties in the volume of the blast furnace.
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